Define marine protected areas (MPAs).

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designated zones in oceans and coastal regions where human activities are limited or regulated in order to enhance conservation efforts and protect marine ecosystems. The primary purpose of MPAs is to preserve biodiversity, protect critical habitats, and ensure the sustainability of marine resources. By restricting activities like overfishing, pollution, and destructive practices, MPAs help to restore and maintain healthy marine environments.

The focus on limiting human activity distinguishes MPAs from other types of marine or coastal designations. While fishing is a significant activity that occurs in ocean regions, MPAs specifically address the need for environmental protection, making this definition particularly pertinent. Furthermore, many MPAs also promote research and education about marine life and ecosystems, further emphasizing their role in conservation.

Other choices do not accurately capture the essence of MPAs. For instance, regions allocated specifically for fishing do not prioritize protection and are more focused on exploitation of resources rather than conservation. Coastal zones designated for tourism development prioritize economic activity, which may conflict with conservation goals. National parks located near coastal ecosystems might include protections for natural environments, but not all coastal national parks are designated as MPAs, which specifically aim to limit human impacts on marine life and habitats.